Everyone needs meaningful social connections to live well. But as we grow older, it’s common to spend more time alone due to health issues, the loss of loved ones or major life changes like retirement. While taking time for yourself is healthy and necessary, extended periods of disconnection can lead to loneliness and isolation, which can seriously affect both mental and physical health.

Chronic loneliness has been linked to heart disease, depression, memory loss and even a shorter lifespan. Research has also found that lacking social connection carries health risks similar to well-known causes of early death, such as smoking or alcohol use, and may have an even greater impact than inactivity or obesity. That’s why it’s so important for both older adults and the people who care about them, to recognize the risks and take steps to stay socially connected and engaged.

Why Older Adults are More at Risk

Older adults often face unique challenges that increase their risk of becoming socially isolated or lonely. Sometimes it’s a combination of personal, social and environmental factors, many of which can suddenly change with age. Common contributors include:

• Health-related changes, such as hearing or vision loss, chronic illness, memory issues or mobility limitations.
• Major life changes like retirement, the loss of a spouse or the death of close friends or siblings.
• Living circumstances, such as living alone, being over 80, or residing in a rural or unsafe neighbourhood.
• Barriers to connection, including lack of access to transportation, low income, or digital and communication challenges.
• Limited support networks, especially for those with few or no children, limited family contact or caregiving responsibilities.
• Cultural and systemic factors, including language barriers, shifting family dynamics, or age-related discrimination.

This is not a small issue. According to Statistics Canada, nearly one in four Canadians over 65 feel isolated and want to be more socially active. The International Federation on Aging has even identified social isolation as one of the most pressing issues facing older adults in Canada today. Recognizing these risk factors is the first step toward finding meaningful ways to support social connections.

How Social Disconnection Affects Health

When people feel disconnected or lonely for long periods, the body responds as if it’s under chronic stress. Emotional pain activates the same biological pathways as physical pain, increasing inflammation and weakening the immune system. This stress can raise the risk of chronic illness, lower resistance to infection and impair brain health. Chronic loneliness and social isolation have been linked to a wide range of health issues, including:

• high blood pressure and heart disease
• a weakened immune response
• increased anxiety and depression
• obesity and poor nutrition
• cognitive decline and dementia
• greater difficulty with everyday activities
• delayed or reduced use of healthcare services

Ways to Stay Engaged

The good news is that there are many ways to stay connected and reduce the risk of isolation, both for older adults and those who support them.

• Take Care: Staying physically active, eating well and getting seven to nine hours of sleep each night can boost your mood and energy, making it easier to engage socially.
• Stay in Touch: Make it a habit to connect regularly with family, friends or neighbours—in-person, by phone, video chat or text. Scheduling these connections helps make them a part of your routine.
• Find Joy: Spending time with family, gardening, helping a neighbour or caring for a pet can provide structure and fulfillment to your day. These simple, everyday activities help bring meaning and connection.
• Keep Learning: Join a book club, take an art class, or try something new. Learning can boost self-esteem and create opportunities to meet people with similar interests.
• Get Involved: Volunteering or participating in local causes you care about can help you feel more connected to others and your community. It’s also a great way to build new relationships and stay engaged.
• Seek Support: If feelings of loneliness or sadness persist, talk to a healthcare provider who can help identify available resources and supports.
• Connect Locally: Community centres, libraries, places of worship or senior centres often offer social activities, transportation support and health services tailored for older adults.
• Reach Out: Friends and family members should never underestimate the power of a simple check-in, a call, a shared activity, or just showing you care. Small gestures can make a big difference.

The Importance of Belonging

Staying connected isn’t always easy, but it’s vital for our health, happiness and the communities we belong to. Whether you’re an older adult trying to stay engaged or a caregiver supporting someone you love, taking small steps toward connection can have a meaningful impact. With the right support and opportunities, older adults can keep building meaningful relationships, share their unique gifts and thrive at every stage of life.

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• Balance Exercises for Older Adults at Home
• Changing Your Mindset for Positive Aging